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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .
When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.
Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.
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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .
Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.
One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the documents you put into it are completely inaccessible. .
Like the virtual drive solution, some goods save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.
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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.
After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .
Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .
Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.
An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.
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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using address AES.
If you're an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.
Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.
With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.
Simple! .
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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .
If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.